The Great Mogul, a diamond of 280 carats (rough, 787 1/2 carats), described by Tavernier, is said to have been found in 1650 in the Kollur Mines on the river Kishna in India.

Allegedly, Tavernier held it in his hand at the court of Aurangzeb. He describes it as a round stone cut in the shape of a rose. Its current whereabouts is unknown, and, on occasion, it has been assumed that the Great Mogul is identical with the Orlov (Orloff) .

In 1756 Denis Diderot depicts the Great Mogul in his "Encyclopédie" as a pointed-conical rose, whereas the Orlov rather has the shape of a flattened hemisphere.